Acetaminophen Mechanism of Action

Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and fever reducer. Butalbital is in a group of drugs called barbiturates. It relaxes muscle contractions involved in a tension headache. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. It relaxes muscle contractions in blood vessels to improve blood flow.

Acetaminophen, butalbital, and caffeine is a combination medicine used to treat tension headaches that are caused by muscle contractions.

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is generally considered to be a weak inhibitor of the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs). However, the in vivo effects of paracetamol are similar to those of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. Paracetamol also decreases PG concentrations in vivo, but, unlike the selective COX-2 inhibitors, paracetamol does not suppress the inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis.

It does, however, decrease swelling after oral surgery in humans and suppresses inflammation in rats and mice. Paracetamol is a weak inhibitor of PG synthesis of COX-1 and COX-2 in broken cell systems, but, by contrast, therapeutic concentrations of paracetamol inhibit PG synthesis in intact cells in vitro when the levels of the substrate arachidonic acid are low (less than about 5 mumol/L).

When the levels of arachidonic acid are low, PGs are synthesized largely by COX-2 in cells that contain both COX-1 and COX-2. Thus, the apparent selectivity of paracetamol may be due to inhibition of COX-2-dependent pathways that are proceeding at low rates.

This hypothesis is consistent with the similar pharmacological effects of paracetamol and the selective COX-2 inhibitors. COX-3, a splice variant of COX-1, has been suggested to be the site of action of paracetamol, but genomic and kinetic analysis indicates that this selective interaction is unlikely to be clinically relevant.

There is considerable evidence that the analgesic effect of paracetamol is central and is due to activation of descending serotonergic pathways, but its primary site of action may still be inhibition of PG synthesis.

The action of paracetamol at a molecular level is unclear but could be related to the production of reactive metabolites by the peroxidase function of COX-2, which could deplete glutathione, a cofactor of enzymes such as PGE synthase.

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If you have paid us bounced check or fraud check once, we will place you into customer blacklist, almost all online pharms share the same blacklist. You will not be possible to order prescription online any more.  You also should know your own health condition before you buy Fioricet online.

Your first Fioricet or Gabapentin prescription must be approved by your local doctor. Our online doctors can approve your prescription too but our doctors’ decisions are based on your health conditions your provided to us. You must complete the health conditions very honestly. Some patients are not allowed to buy fioricet online in our network.

      1. You have porphyria;
      2. You have recently used alcohol;
      3. You have recently used sedatives, tranquilizers, or other narcotic medications;
      4. You have taken a MAO inhibitor in the past 14 days because A dangerous drug interaction could occur;
      5. You have liver , heart disease, kidney disease;
      6. You have  a history of alcoholism or drug addiction;
      7. You have asthma, sleep apnea, or other breathing disorder;
      8. You have stomach ulcer or bleeding;
      9. You have a history of skin rash caused by any medication;
      10. You have a history of mental illness or suicidal thoughts;
      11.  You use medicine to prevent blood clots;
      12. You are pregnant because your baby could become dependent on the drug;
      13. You are now breast feeding because Fioricet can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby.

When you are not allowed to buy fioricet online does not mean you can not take fioricet, you must go to your local doctors and local pharmacies to get your prescription. You need your doctors and pharmacists to check you face to face.

Fioricet Side Effects

fioricetblueFioricet Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, tell your doctor as soon as possible.

Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking this drug.

Fioricet Side effects may include: fatal skin reactions, seizure, confusion, depression, excitement, stomach pain, dizziness, drowsiness, intoxicated feeling, lightheadedness, nausea, sedation, shortness of breath, vomiting, excessive sweating.

Commonly reported side effects for Fioricet include:

  • Euphoria
  • Dizziness
  • Drowsiness
  • Intoxicated feeling
  • Light-headedness
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Sedation
  • Substance dependence
  • Shortness of breath
  • Abdominal pain

Fioricet is implicated as causing repeat headaches with over-use.

Commonly reported side effects for Fioricet include:

  • Euphoria
  • Dizziness
  • Drowsiness
  • Intoxicated feeling
  • Light-headedness
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Sedation
  • Substance dependence
  • Shortness of breath
  • Abdominal pain

Fioricet is implicated as causing repeat headaches with over-use

What Are The Possible Side Effects Of Fioricet?

Like any medication, Fioricet can cause side effects. People who misuse Fioricet or use it compulsively are at greater risk for experiencing the worst side effects of the medication.

The possible side effects of Fioricet include:

  • Anxiety
  • Dizziness
  • Drowsiness
  • Feelings of being intoxicated
  • Lightheadedness
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Shaking and tremors
  • Shortness of breath
  • Stomach pain
  • Trouble sleeping

In some cases, a person who takes Fioricet may develop an allergic reaction to the drug. The symptoms of an allergic reaction are trouble breathing, itching, rashes, intense dizziness, and swelling in the face, throat, and tongue.

 

Fioricet Overdose

The treatment of Fioricet overdose is complicated by the presence of two substances which are highly toxic when taken in excessive amounts. Fioricet overdoses generally result in toxic amounts of both acetaminophen and butalbital being consumed at once, requiring both overdoses to be treated at once. Fioricet overdose by anyone and/or any consumption by persons to whom it is not prescribed (particularly children) is always a medical emergency and medical attention must be sought immediately if an overdose or consumption by other persons is suspected.

Fioricet overdose is often fatal and symptoms may not present for hours following consumption; once initial overdose symptoms present they can progress rapidly and there may not be time to reach appropriate medical care after this point.

Acetaminophen exerts its toxicity through the production of a toxic metabolite which can sometimes produce liver damage with doses as low as 4,000 mg, although normally requiring doses that are much higher. Acute liver failure may result in doses greatly exceeding this, and death has been known to occur with ingestion of 10,000-15,000 mg (10-15 grams of pure acetaminophen).

The specific antidote to acetaminophen overdose is N-acetylcysteine. Acute renal failure and upper gastrointestinal bleeding may also occur.

Butalbital exerts its toxicity through excessive sedation resulting in respiratory depression and ultimately death via hypoxia. Nonlethal overdoses may also result in coma and death. There is no specific antidote to barbiturate overdose and treatment is supportive. Common treatment regimens generally include the administration of intravenous administration of saline, naloxone, thiamine, glucose, sodium bicarbonate to alkalize the urine to increase rate of excretion, and activated charcoal via nasogastric tube.

It is not uncommon for a doctor to recommend observation of the patient in the emergency department for a number of hours or admission to the hospital for several days of observation if symptoms are severe and to counsel the patient on drug abuse or refer them for psychiatric evaluation.

Who Cannot Buy Fioricet in Our Websites

You are not allowed to take fioricet if you have porphyria, or if you have recently used alcohol, sedatives, tranquilizers, or other narcotic medications. Do not use Fioricet if you have taken an MAO inhibitor in the past 14 days.

A dangerous drug interaction could occur. MAO inhibitors include isocarboxazid, linezolid, phenelzine, rasagiline, selegiline, and tranylcypromine.

We donot suggest you buy fioricet online if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Because the butalbital in the fioricet can cross the placenta, you must go to a local doctor to check your health condition and buy fioricet under the doctor’s instruction.

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Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and fever reducer.

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Butalbital is in a group of drugs called barbiturates. It relaxes muscle contractions involved in a tension headache.

Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. It relaxes muscle contractions in blood vessels to improve blood flow.

Acetaminophen, butalbital, and caffeine is a combination medicine used to treat tension headaches that are caused by muscle contractions.

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The US licensed pharmacies in our network never sell controlled substances. We will send you order ID and tracking ID together within two business days after you placed your orders. Please ignore any call from call centers and we never call customers to refill orders.

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Fioricet is the best headache reliever. By patient experience, it is valid for tension headache, migraine, cluster headache, and all kinds of headaches.

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If you have paid us bounced check or fraud check once, we will place you into customer blacklist, almost all online pharms share the same blacklist. You will not be possible to order prescription online any more.  You also should know your own health condition before you buy fioricet online.

Your first Fioricet or Gabapentin prescription must be approved by your local doctor. Our online doctors can approve your prescription too but our doctors’ decisions are based on your health conditions your provided to us. You must complete the health conditions very honestly. Some patients are not allowed to buy fioricet online in our network.

  1. You have porphyria;
  2. You have recently used alcohol;
  3. You have recently used sedatives, tranquilizers, or other narcotic medications;
  4. You have taken a MAO inhibitor in the past 14 days because A dangerous drug interaction could occur;
  5. You have liver , heart disease, kidney disease;
  6. You have  a history of alcoholism or drug addiction;
  7. You have asthma, sleep apnea, or other breathing disorder;
  8. You have stomach ulcer or bleeding;
  9. You have a history of skin rash caused by any medication;
  10. You have a history of mental illness or suicidal thoughts;
  11.  You use medicine to prevent blood clots;
  12. You are pregnant because your baby could become dependent on the drug;
  13. You are now breast feeding because Fioricet can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby.

When you are not allowed to buy fioricet online does not mean you can not take fioricet, you must go to your local doctors and local pharmacies to get your prescription. You need your doctors and pharmacists to check you face to face.

What is Fioricet and why it can relieve headaches ?

Fioricet (Butalbital, Acetaminophen, and Caffeine Tablets, USP) is supplied in tablet form for oral administration.

Each tablet contains the following active ingredients:
butalbital USP . . . . . . . . . .50 mg
acetaminophen USP . . . . 325 mg
caffeine USP . . . . . . . . . . .40 mg

Fioricet contains Butalbital, Acetaminophen, and Caffeine. Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and fever reducer.  Butalbital is in a group of drugs called barbiturates. It relaxes muscle contractions involved in a tension headache. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. It relaxes muscle contractions in blood vessels to improve blood flow.

Butalbital

fioricetpharmacyButalbital is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is expected to distribute to most tissues in the body. Barbiturates in general may appear in breast milk and readily cross the placental barrier. They are bound to plasma and tissue proteins to a varying degree and binding increases directly as a function of lipid solubility.

Elimination of butalbital is primarily via the kidney (59% to 88% of the dose) as unchanged drug or metabolites. The plasma half-life is about 35 hours. Urinary excretion products include parent drug (about 3.6% of the dose), 5-isobutyl-5-(2, 3-dihydroxypropyl) barbituric acid (about 24% of the dose), 5-allyl-5(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propyl) barbituric acid (about 4.8% of the dose), products with the barbituric acid ring hydrolyzed with excretion of urea (about 14% of the dose), as well as unidentified materials. Of the material excreted in the urine, 32% is conjugated.

The in vitro plasma protein binding of butalbital is 45% over the concentration range of 0.5-20 mcg/mL. This falls within the range of plasma protein binding (20%-45%) reported with other barbiturates such as phenobarbital, pentobarbital, and secobarbital sodium. The plasma-to-blood concentration ratio was almost unity, indicating that there is no preferential distribution of butalbital into either plasma or blood cells.

Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is distributed throughout most body tissues. The plasma half-life is 1.25 to 3 hours, but may be increased by liver damage and following overdosage. Elimination of acetaminophen is principally by liver metabolism (conjugation) and subsequent renal excretion of metabolites. Approximately 85% of an oral dose appears in the urine within 24 hours of administration, most as the glucuronide conjugate, with small amounts of other conjugates and unchanged drug.

Caffeine

Like most xanthines, caffeine is rapidly absorbed and distributed in all body tissues and fluids, including the CNS, fetal tissues, and breast milk.

Caffeine is cleared through metabolism and excretion in the urine. The plasma half-life is about 3 hours. Hepatic biotransformation prior to excretion results in about equal amounts of 1-methylxanthine and 1-methyluric acid. Of the 70% of the dose that is recovered in the urine, only 3% is unchanged drug.

What is the most important information I should know about Fioricet?

    • Butalbital, one of the drugs found in Fioricet, is habit-forming and has potential for abuse. Extended use is not recommended.Fioricet can affect your ability to drive a car or operate machinery. Do not drive a car or operate machinery while taking Fioricet until you know how this drug affects you.Avoid alcohol and other drugs that affect your central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) because they can further affect your ability to concentrate.
    • Who should not take Fioricet?Do not take Fioricet if you are allergic to butalbital, acetaminophen, or caffeine.Do not take Fioricet if you have an inherited disorder that affects the liver or bone marrow (porphyria).

What should I tell my doctor before I take the first dose of Fioricet?

    • Tell your doctor about all prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal medications you are taking before beginning treatment with Fioricet. Also, talk to your doctor about your complete medical history, especially if you have porphyria, kidney or liver disease, a history of prior substance abuse, if you drink alcohol, are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding.

What is the usual dosage?

  • The information below is based on the dosage guidelines your doctor uses. Depending on your condition and medical history, your doctor may prescribe a different regimen. Do not change the dosage or stop taking your medication without your doctor’s approval.Adults: The usual dose of Fioricet is 1 or 2 tablets taken every 4 hours as needed. One tablet contains 50 milligrams (mg) of butalbital, 325 mg of acetaminophen, and 40 mg of caffeine. Do not take more than 6 tablets per day.Elderly: Your doctor may prescribe a lower dose than the usual recommended dose to suit your needs.Children: Fioricet is not recommended in children <12 years old.

How should I take Fioricet?

  • Take Fioricet exactly as prescribed. Do not increase the amount you take without your doctor’s approval. Do not take more than 6 tablets per day.

What should I avoid while taking Fioricet?

      • Fioricet can cause drowsiness or dizziness. Avoid driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities while taking Fioricet.Avoid taking Fioricet with medications that affect your concentration, such as other narcotic pain relievers, general anesthetics, sleeping pills, anti-allergy medications, sedative-hypnotics, and tranquilizers (such as chlordiazepoxide). These may cause further drowsiness.Do not drink alcohol while taking Fioricet. Doing so may result in increased drowsiness and dizziness.Avoid taking other medications that contain acetaminophen, such as Tylenol. Avoid taking too much caffeine.

What are possible food and drug interactions associated with Fioricet?

    • If Fioricet is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining Fioricet with any of the following: alcohol, general anesthetics, antidepressant medications in a class called monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors such as phenelzine and tranylcypromine, narcotic pain relievers such as codeine or propoxyphene, other medicines that affect your brain and spinal cord (CNS depressants), sedative-hypnotics, and tranquilizers such as chlordiazepoxide.

What are the possible side effects of Fioricet?

    • Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, tell your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking this drug.Side effects may include: fatal skin reactions, seizure, confusion, depression, excitement, stomach pain, dizziness, drowsiness, intoxicated feeling, lightheadedness, nausea, sedation, shortness of breath, vomiting, excessive sweating

Can I receive Fioricet if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?

    • The effects of Fioricet during pregnancy and breastfeeding are unknown. Do not breastfeed while taking Fioricet. Tell your doctor immediately if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding.

What should I do if I miss a dose of Fioricet?

    • Take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the one you missed and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take two doses at once.

How should I store Fioricet?

    • Store at room temperature in a tight, light-resistant container.

Fioricet Pharmacokinetics

The behavior of the individual components is described below.

Butalbital

Butalbital is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is expected to distribute to most tissues in the body. Barbiturates in general may appear in breast milk and readily cross the placental barrier. They are bound to plasma and tissue proteins to a varying degree and binding increases directly as a function of lipid solubility.

Elimination of butalbital is primarily via the kidney (59% to 88% of the dose) as unchanged drug or metabolites. The plasma half-life is about 35 hours. Urinary excretion products include parent drug (about 3.6% of the dose), 5-isobutyl-5-(2, 3-dihydroxypropyl) barbituric acid (about 24% of the dose), 5-allyl-5(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propyl) barbituric acid (about 4.8% of the dose), products with the barbituric acid ring hydrolyzed with excretion of urea (about 14% of the dose), as well as unidentified materials. Of the material excreted in the urine, 32% is conjugated.

The in vitro plasma protein binding of butalbital is 45% over the concentration range of 0.5-20 mcg/mL. This falls within the range of plasma protein binding (20%-45%) reported with other barbiturates such as phenobarbital, pentobarbital, and secobarbital sodium. The plasma-to-blood concentration ratio was almost unity, indicating that there is no preferential distribution of butalbital into either plasma or blood cells.

Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is distributed throughout most body tissues. The plasma half-life is 1.25 to 3 hours, but may be increased by liver damage and following overdosage. Elimination of acetaminophen is principally by liver metabolism (conjugation) and subsequent renal excretion of metabolites. Approximately 85% of an oral dose appears in the urine within 24 hours of administration, most as the glucuronide conjugate, with small amounts of other conjugates and unchanged drug.

Caffeine

Like most xanthines, caffeine is rapidly absorbed and distributed in all body tissues and fluids, including the CNS, fetal tissues, and breast milk.

Caffeine is cleared through metabolism and excretion in the urine. The plasma half-life is about 3 hours. Hepatic biotransformation prior to excretion results in about equal amounts of 1-methylxanthine and 1-methyluric acid. Of the 70% of the dose that is recovered in the urine, only 3% is unchanged drug.